解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::In two experiments, phenobarbitone sodium (30 mg/kg) reliably enhanced water consumption and extended the duration of drinking in 24h water-deprived male rats. The opiate receptor antagonists naloxone (0.1-10 mg/kg) and naltrexone (0.1-10 mg/kg) both decreased water intake and reduced the duration of drinking. When th...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00433011
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of various psychomotor stimulant drugs and drugs outside this class were examined on the efficacy of stimuli previously paired with reinforcement or reward (conditioned reinforcers, CR) in controlling responding. Pipradrol (5-45 mumol/kg), d-amphetamine (1.25-15.0 mumol/kg), and the cocaine analogues WIN 3...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00427952
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of morphine, ketocyclazocine, cyclazocine, and SKF-10,047 were tested alone and in conjunction with naltrexone or naloxone, in rats responding under a multiple fixed-interval 3-min schedule of food presentation. Under this paradigm, electric shock was delivered on a fixed-ratio schedule for responses occur...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00435274
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A modified hyponeophagia test is described as an animal model of anxiety. The effects of 0, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 and 10 mg/kg diazepam, given both acutely and for 7 days pretest, were assessed in rats. Acutely, diazepam reduced hyponeophagia over the dose range 0.3-3.0 mg/kg but 10.0 mg/kg produced sedation and large variabi...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00433744
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Red blood cell (RBC) glycine levels were examined in 27 bipolar patients, treated with lithium carbonate for a minimum of 8 months, who were either hypomanic, depressed, or euthymic in their mood. We found no difference in the RBC glycine or in the RBC: plasma glycine ratio between the hypomanic, depressed, or euthymi...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00433732
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of a differential tolerance to morphine was investigated with respect to the mean effective dose, the threshold dose of tolerance, the degree of tolerance after a fixed dose, and the speed of tolerance loss. The mean effective doses, the threshold doses of tolerance, and the degree of tolerance differe...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00428157
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of 4 weeks of treatment with the selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibiting antidepressant clorgyline and pargyline on the sleep of affectively disordered patients were studied. Both inhibitors resulted in near total suppression of REM sleep, a decrease in total sleep time, and an increase in the percent...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00432251
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The benzodiazepine diazepam and the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 were tested alone or in combination for their influence on scopolamine-induced locomotor stimulation in mice. The benzodiazepine antagonist had no effect by itself, but prevented the enhancement of scopolamine-induced locomotor stimulation produc...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00464583
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normal male volunteers took single acute doses of either diazepam or placebo under double-blind conditions in three simulated public speaking experiments. Measures of palmar sweating and subjective anxiety showed that anticipation of speaking in public increased anxiety relative to baseline and prestress conditions, a...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00436092
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of naloxone, metenkephalin, and morphine were tested on phencyclidine(PCP)-induced stereotyped behaviors, ataxia, and hyperactivity in the rat. Naloxone (8 mg/kg) significantly decreased stereotypy, ataxia, and hyperactivity across all PCP doses tested (2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 mg/kg). Metenkephalin (40 microgram...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00470593
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male rats of the Long-Evans strain were divided into two equal groups of nine each and given either 7.0 mg/kg trimethyltin (TMT) or 0.9% saline by intragastric gavage. The pattern of self-selection of alcohol in concentrations of 3%--30% was examined in both groups at 21 and 150 days following the gavage. The TMT-trea...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00470580
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::7-Hydroxychlorpromazine (7-OHCPZ) has been identified and quantified in CSF from chlorpromazine (CPZ)-treated schizophrenic patients. The level of the metabolite in CSF was similar to that of CPZ. In serum the amount of 7-OHCPZ was about 30% of CPZ. The concentration of 7-OHCPZ in csf was positively and significantly ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00432774
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The behavioral effects of intraventricularly (IVT) administered (-)-nicotine on food-maintained behavior were studied. Rats responded by pressing a lever under various fixed ratio (FR) schedules. Infusion of 5 microgram of (-)-nicotine suppressed responding under an FR 16 schedule for 11-13 min. The effect was inverse...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00432762
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that the GAbAergic striatonigral projection may form part of the efferent pathway responsible for the expression of dopamine-related oral behaviour. Consistent with this suggestion are reports that bilateral injection of the GABA agonist muscimol can produce stereotyped gnawing and biting. We rep...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00464579
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a phase II study the antidepressive effect of citalopram, a selective and potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor, was examined in 20 endogenously and three non-endogenously depressed hospitalized patients. Four endogenously depressed patients dropped out due to deterioration early in the treatment period. The remainin...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00464566
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were maintained on a regimen of restricted access to water. Desipramine (DMI) IP 1 h prior to the access period dose-dependently reduced water intake. Following completion of the dose-response determination for the effect of desipramine or water intake, rats were divided into three groups for repeated administrat...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00431934
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a one-trial step-through passive avoidance task, pretraining administration of ethanol was shown to decrease the latencies to step through at both training (day 1) and testing (day 2) for both rats and mice. A detailed analysis of these effects showed that they differed from those reported previously by others. The...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00436101
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Passive avoidance learning was significantly impaired by atropine (5 mg/kg, IP) or scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg), but not by methyl-atropine (5 mg/kg) or methyl-scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg), from postnatal day 15 on. In contrast, an improvement was observed, not significant at 11 days and significant at 13 days, probably due to ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00449124
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of acute marijuana intoxication on remote memory and new learning were assessed. To test for the effects of marijuana on remote memory, titles of one-season television shows, aired up to 14 years previously, were used in three tests measuring recognition, temporal judgement and detailed recall of facts fro...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00432561
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic treatment of rats with the antipsychotic drug molindone (2.5 mg/kg) did not elicit behavioral supersensitivity to apomorphine (AP) (0.25 mg/kg) or increased striatal 3H-spiroperidol binding, whereas treatment with haloperidol (0.5-1.0 mg/kg) produced manifestations of dopaminergic supersensitivity in both para...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00432549
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic oral administration of cannabis extract to rats (daily delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol dose 20 mg/kg) was examined in three experiments for its residual effect on radial-arm maze learning following a 1-month drug-free period. Learning a simple eight-arm maze was significantly impaired in rats treated for either 6...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00431932
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of d-fenfluramine and morphine on various nociceptive responses of rats were investigated. Unlike morphine, which inhibited all the responses examined, d-fenfluramine inhibited jumping and paw licking of rats on a hot plate, but did not increase the latency of tail withdrawal from hot water. The effects of...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00435276
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behaviour was observed in mice given L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine or L-phenylalanine and then placed either in an open field or in water in a narrow cylinder. Animals placed in water (swim test) soon assume a characteristic immobile posture. Most antidepressants, including pharmacologically atypical ones, decrease immobil...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00435264
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Relationships between aging effects on apomorphine (AP)-induced stereotypy and AP concentrations in plasma and brain were studied in rats. In two separate behavioral studies, four groups of male Wistar rats (3, 6, 20, and 43 weeks of age) and two groups of female Wistar rats (5 and 35 weeks of age) were used, respecti...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00430756
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This research compares the effects, in mice and rats, of desmethylclomipramine (DCLOM) and clomipramine (CLOM). DCLOM antagonized the hypothermia induced in mice by reserpine or apomorphine to a much greater extent than CLOM. Reserpine ptosis in mice was depressed by DCLOM only. Similarly, only DCLOM was effective in ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00432256
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of benztropine, scopolamine, atropine, methylatropine, amitriptyline, phencyclidine, and meperidine were determined alone and in conjunction with a behaviorally suppressing dose (0.05 mg/kg IM) of oxotremorine in pigeons responding under a multiple fixed-ratio 30 fixed-interval 5-min schedule of grain pres...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00433492
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Muscimol, a structural analog of GABA, significantly potentiated pilocarpine-induced analgesia in rats, but failed to alter pilocarpine-induced catalepsy. It also failed to affect pilocarpine-elicited increase in homovanillic acid levels in the striatum. These findings suggest that the potentiation of pilocarpine-indu...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00432756
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult female offspring of C57BL/6J mice injected daily with phenobarbital for the last third of pregnancy were more active than control offspring during a 3-min test period in an open field arena, thus confirming previous reports of lasting effects of prenatal exposure to phenobarbital. These offspring habituated less...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00432745
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in saccadic eye movements before and after up to 10 mg oral diazepam were measured electrooculographically in diazepam-naive humans. Diazepam produced dose-dependent increases in saccade duration and decreases in maximum saccade velocity over a 2--36 degrees range of saccade amplitudes. The magnitude of drug-i...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00427100
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Using a 15-s intershock interval, an increase in shock-induced fighting was observed following intraventricular 96 microgram 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) and 90 microgram 6-hydroxydopa (6-OHdopa). The incidence of predatory mouse killing was enhanced by 5,7-DHT, but was not affected by 6-OHdopa. Pain sensitivity ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00432684
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between changes in IV tyramine pressor sensitivity accompanying selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor treatment and estimates of MAO-A and MAO-B inhibition in vivo were studied. Reductions in platelet MAO activity provided an index of MAO-B inhibition, while changes in plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00431748
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A placebo-controlled study with six normal volunteers was carried out using 1 mg haloperidol IM. In some EEG frequency bands, the power density due to haloperidol appeared to increase or decrease depending on the subject. Nevertheless, if the results of the six subjects are taken together, the effects of haloperidol a...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00431753
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fourteen rats were trained to discriminate the effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) (sodium salt, 200 mg/kg) and saline in a two-lever choice task using a fixed ratio 10 schedule of water reinforcement. Intermediate responding, i.e., responding not fully appropriate for either training condition was observed in test...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00426468
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of diazepam (10 mg orally) on the responding of normal human volunteers was studied in a procedure that involved the maintenance of operant behavior by monetary reinforcement and its suppression by monetary loss (punishment). Diazepam produced an antipunishment effect as shown by an increase in behavior su...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00426457
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pigeons were trained to peck each of two response keys. Periods during which pecks on one key (the food key) produced access to grain according to a random-ratio 80 schedule alternated irregularly with periods during which food-key responses had no scheduled consequences (extinction). Both keys remained amber unless a...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00422418
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male Sprague-Dawley rats were evaluated between ages 18 and 825 days for responses to doses of haloperidol (0 and 0.05-10 mg/kg, IP). Catalepsy, ptosis, and inhibition of general motor activity showed steady decreases in sensitivity to the drug with age during the first 1.5 years of maturation, while rats older than 1...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00422406
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of single and long-term haloperidol administration on rat open field behavior was studied. Withdrawal from long-term haloperidol treatment induced a significant increase in all parameters of activity recorded, except rearing. There was a direct relationship between the impairment of motor function induced ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00429212
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were trained to discriminate fenfluramine (1.0 mg/kg) from saline in a two-lever drug discrimination task. The dose-response curve for this discrimination was orderly with an ED50 of about one-half of the training dose (0.52 mg/kg). In substitution tests, indirect (p-chloroamphetamine) and direct (quipazine, MK-2...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00429199
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Efforts to find a correlation between serum levels of chlorpromazine (CPZ) and clinical effect have been rather unsuccessful, which could be due to fluctuations of CPZ and CPZ metabolite levels during treatment, the complicated metabolism of CPZ, or to varying degrees of protein binding. Using a mass fragmentographic ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00431102
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a 4 week study of the response of neurotic outpatients to treatment with amitriptyline, diazepam, amitriptyline and diazepam, or placebo clinical and psychophysiological variables and plasma levels of the drug were assessed. Clinical improvements were substantial in all treatment groups but clear relationships betw...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00431822
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00